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The 1932 Cuba hurricane, also known as the Santa Cruz del Sur Hurricane〔 or the 1932 Camagüey hurricane,〔Millás, p. 1〕 was the deadliest and one of the most intense tropical cyclones in Cuban history. The strongest November Atlantic hurricane on record and a Category 5 hurricane-equivalent at its peak, the cyclone took a path through the Caribbean Sea atypical to most hurricanes developing late in the Atlantic hurricane season. The storm's strong winds, storm surge, and rain devastated an extensive portion of central and eastern Cuba, where the storm was considered the worst natural disaster in the 20th century. Though the impacts from the hurricane were concentrated primarily on Cuba, significant impacts were also felt in the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas, with lesser effects felt elsewhere. The tropical depression that would later develop into the destructive hurricane was first located east of the Lesser Antilles on October 30, and tracked westward into the Caribbean Sea, reaching tropical storm strength the next day. Moving southwestward towards the southern portion of the Caribbean, the storm reached hurricane strength on November 2 before a period of rapid intensification ensued. On November 6, the tropical cyclone reached its peak as a Category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h). Minimal weakening occurred afterwards as the storm recurved northeast, moving ashore Cuba's Camagüey Province on November 9 with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h). After traversing the island, the storm gradually weakened as it crossed the central Bahamas and near Bermuda. On November 13, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and dissipated the following day. As an intensifying hurricane in the southern Caribbean Sea, the storm moved near the Netherlands Antilles and Colombia, causing widespread impacts. A prolonged passage of Curacao resulted in the damaging of harbor fortification. The storm lashed the coast of Colombia with strong winds and torrential rainfall, severely hampering the banana crop in the region and cutting out telecommunications. Several towns, particularly those near the coast, sustained significant infrastructural damage. Marked, albeit localized, damage to banana crops was also reported in Jamaica, where strong winds toppled numerous trees. In open waters, the storm's track brought it across numerous shipping lanes, largely disrupting shipping primarily in the central Caribbean and damaging several ships. ==Meteorological history== The 1932 Cuba hurricane can be traced back to a tropical depression, first identified at 06:00 UTC on October 30 by ship observations roughly east of Guadeloupe. Tracking generally westward, the depression crossed the Lesser Antilles the following day between Dominica and Martinique. Barometric pressures lowering to as much as 1008 mbar (hPa; 29.77 inHg) in St. Lucia confirmed the presence of a developing tropical cyclone.〔 Shortly after traversing the islands, the disturbance strengthened to tropical storm intensity at 18:00 UTC on October 31. Concurrently as the storm was gradually intensifying, the tropical cyclone began to take an unusual course towards the southwest.〔 On November 2, the storm intensified to hurricane status while north of the Netherlands Antilles. Steadily strengthening the hurricane reached Category 2 status on November 3. During the day, the storm passed approximately north of Punta Gallinas in Colombia, the northernmost extent of South America.〔 However, at the same time the hurricane curved towards the west, causing the storm to move away from Colombia and Venezuela. Over the next few days, the hurricane rapidly intensified, reaching major hurricane status late on November 4. The next day, the hurricane's intensity was analyzed to have reached the equivalent of a modern day Category 5 hurricane while curving northward. Although the storm was operationally analyzed to have peaked as a Category 4 hurricane, reanalysis of the hurricane indicated that the tropical cyclone was much more intense than initially suggested based on observations by the ''S.S. Phemius'', whose crew visually estimated winds of around at the height of the storm and measured unusually low pressures.〔 Early on November 6, the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds estimated at 175 mph (280 km/h). During that time, the ''S.S. Phemius'' recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 inHg); this measurement was the lowest documented throughout the storm's existence. As this report did not occur within the hurricane's eye, the storm's true minimum pressure may have been much lower.〔 Pacing northward, the hurricane gradually weakened after peak intensity on November 6 but held its Category 5 strength for 72 consecutive hours before finally dropping to Category 4 status. Due to a gradual curve towards the northeast, the hurricane tracked near Cayman Brac on November 9; a minimum barometric pressure of 939 mbar (hPa; 27.73 inHg) was documented on the island. Only slight weakening occurred before the hurricane made landfall on the Caribbean coast of Cuba's Camagüey Province at 14:00 UTC that day. At the time of landfall, the tropical cyclone was estimated to have had a minimum pressure of 918 mbar (hPa; 27.11 inHg) and maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), with these winds extending as far as 40 mi (65 km) from the center of the hurricane. The storm traversed Cuba in six hours before emerging into the Atlantic Ocean late on November 9, after which it began to cross the central Bahamian archipelago. At 07:00 UTC on November 10, the hurricane made a second landfall on Long Island, Bahamas with an intensity equivalent to that of a modern-day Category 3. Continuing to track northeast, the storm moved east of Bermuda two days later.〔 On November 13, the hurricane began to interact with an extratropical cyclone centered over the Canadian Maritimes,〔〔 and later weakened to tropical storm strength. The tropical cyclone later became extratropical itself before it was last noted at 18:00 UTC on November 14. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1932 Cuba hurricane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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